International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR- 2018) was held at Bangaram Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep from 22nd to 24th October 2018.
a. Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Island
b. Havelock Island, Andaman and Nicobar Island
c. Bangaram Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep
d. None of the above
- The theme of the conference was "Reef for Life".
- It was inaugurated by Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Dr. Harsh Vardhan.
About STAPCOR- 2018:
- It was jointly organized by Department of Environment and Forest, Union Territory of Lakshadweep Administration with the technical support of Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and in association with Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Environmental Information System (ENVIS) in consonance with declaration of year 2018 as 3rd decadal International year of Reefs.
- About 150 delegates both international and national had participated in this mega event.
- The delegates and keynote speakers for technical deliberations in this conference were from United State of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Kuwait, Italy, France, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
About International Year of the Reef:
- International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) has declared the year 2018 as International Year of the Reef (IYOR 2018).
- It is designed to raise awareness about the threats to coral reefs and the associated ecosystem.
What is a Coral Reef?
- It is an underwater marine ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.
- Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate.
- Corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons that support and protect them.
- Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
- Coral belongs to class Anthozoa in animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones and jellyfish.
- Corals are often called "rainforests of the sea" as they form some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems.
- They occupy less than 0.1% of world's ocean area, but provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species.
- Coral reefs flourish in ocean waters that provide few nutrients.
- They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water coral reefs exist on smaller scales in other areas.
- Great Barrier Reef, located in Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in north-east Australia is the largest Coral reef in the world.
- The major reef formations in India are restricted to Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kachchh, Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands.
- Coral reefs are fragile, partly because they are sensitive to water conditions.
Conditions required for their growth:
- Warm tropical oceans located between 30 degree north and 25 degree south latitudes where a minimum temperature of 20 degree is found and this temperature favour the growth of coral organisms, oceanic water free of sedimentation, transparent parts of ocean bodies, relatively low salinity ocean bodies.
Threats:
- They are under threat from excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), rising temperatures due to global warming, oceanic acidification, sunscreen use. overuse, overfishing (eg. from blast fishing, cyanide fishing, spearfishing on scuba),and harmful land-use practices, including runoff and seeps (e.g. from injection wells and cesspools).
Question:
Q. Where was the International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR- 2018) held from 22nd to 24th October, 2018?a. Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Island
b. Havelock Island, Andaman and Nicobar Island
c. Bangaram Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep
d. None of the above
