g-CNQDs for Visible-Light-Driven Antibacterial Activity---By INST

Current Context: The Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) has developed carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) which is a metal-free nanomaterial useful for visible-light-driven antibacterial activity.

• It has been proven effective and an alternative to metal/non-metal semiconductors and expensive silver.
• The g-CNQDspossess enhanced biocidal activity attributed to the larger surface area of it having more reactive sites and optical absorption both in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible region.
• The newly developed nanomaterial generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which rapidly interacts and damages the immediately available biological macromolecules such as lipids present on the cell membrane or envelope and proteins present on the cellular surface, towards inactivation of the microorganism.
• This carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs)are proven to be highly relevant and effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question:

Q.1 Which institute has developed carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) which is a metal-free nanomaterial?
a. Bhabha Atomic Research Center
b. Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
c. Raman Research Institute
d. National Physics Laboratories