2020 Nature Index

Current Context: The Nature Index 2020 highlights the ranking of the academic institutions globally. The current released Nature Index 2020 report analyses the institutions in terms of

high quality research in the natural science field based on the research data published by them in top journals from 1st Jan 2019 to 31st Dec 2019.

• As per the report, top three institutions are Chinese Academy of Sciences holding 1st rank, followed by Harvard University of USA and Max Planck Society, Germany at rank positions 2nd and 3rd respectively.
• Top three Indian institutions in terms of global rank holding are Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (160th rank), IIsC Bangalore (184th rank) and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) (260th rank).
• Top three DST institutions among India included are Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences (IACS) Kolkata, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCSR) Bangalore and S.N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences Kolkata.

Question: 

Q.1 Which of the following university/institute topped the 2020 Nature Index?
a. Stanford University
b. Chinese Academy of Sciences
c. Harvard University
d. Max Planck Society, Germany