Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023

Current Context: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

• Their research, which began in the 1990s, has fundamentally changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system and how it can be used to stimulate an immune response against a specific pathogen.
• Their groundbreaking findings paved the way for the rapid development of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, which have proven to be highly effective and safe in preventing severe disease and death.
• The Nobel Prize committee praised their work as “one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times” and “a victory for vaccines and the potential for vaccines to advance health and improve equity”.

Question:

Q.1 Who are the two laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023?
a. Yoshinori Ohsumi and Shinya Yamanaka
b. Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier
c. Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman
d. Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider