COP 28 Nature, Land Use, and Oceans Day pledges

Current Context: During COP 28’s Nature, Land Use, and Oceans Day, leaders made significant pledges to enhance climate action and nature conservation efforts.

• Here are some key points:
• They acknowledged the crucial role of nature, land, and the ocean in providing food, water, and climate regulation.
• Non-state actors united under three shared goals: ending deforestation, halting the degradation of land, freshwater, and ocean ecosystems; securing the tenure and protection of Indigenous and local communities’ territories; and urgently mobilising financial resources and mechanisms to close the nature funding gap, all by 2030.
• Parties to the convention are expected to produce National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans that outline how each country will align with the Global Biodiversity Framework, across key themes such as deforestation, plastics recycling and removal from the oceans, water scarcity and redirecting farming subsidies towards projects that improve natural ecosystems and restore depleted soils.
• They encouraged actors to accelerate climate action by implementing measures that significantly reduce emissions across both land (by at least 70 per cent by 2030 from 2020 levels) and ocean (up to 35% of the GHG emissions reduction needed by 2050).

Question:

Q.1 What is the target reduction in emissions across land by 2030 from 2020 levels?
a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 70%
d. 80%