India steps down to 85th place in the world's most powerful passports ranking

Current Context: The Henley Passport Index, which ranks all the world’s passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa, is published by Henley & Partners in partnership with the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

• In the recently released 2023 edition, India has moved down by one spot to the 85th position, despite an increase in visa-free access from 60 to 62 countries.
• This index is an authoritative source of information on global passport rankings and indicates an improvement in global mobility for Indian passport holders, even with the fall in ranking.
• The top-ranked countries are France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore, and Spain, all tied for the first place with visa-free access to 194 destinations.
• Following closely in second place are Finland, Netherlands, South Korea, and Sweden, each with visa-free access to 193 destinations.
• The third place is shared by Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom, each offering visa-free access to 192 destinations.
• These rankings reflect the strength and global mobility afforded by these passports.

Question:

Q.1 Who publishes the Henley Passport Index?
a. International Air Transport Association (IATA)
b. Henley & Partners
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above