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SIPRI Report 2025: India Expands Nuclear Arsenal

Published on June 18, 2025
Current Context: On 16th June 2025, The SIPRI Yearbook 2025, published by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, offers a comprehensive overview of global armaments, disarmament, and international security trends.
SIPRI Report 2025: India Expands Nuclear Arsenal
Global Highlights
  • Total Nuclear Warheads: Estimated at 12,241 globally, with 9,614 in military stockpiles.
Top Nuclear Powers:
  • Russia: 5,459 warheads
  • USA: 5,177 warheads
  • China: 600 warheads (adding ~100 annually since 2023)
  • Emerging Arms Race: SIPRI warns of a new nuclear arms race, with weakened arms control regimes and rising geopolitical tensions.
India-Specific Insights
  • Warhead Count: Increased from 172 (2024) to 180 in 2025, surpassing Pakistan (170).
Modernisation Drive:
  • Development of canisterised missiles (e.g., Agni-P) for quicker deployment and potential MIRV capability.
  • Successful test of Agni-5 with MIRV under Mission Divyastra, enabling multiple warheads per missile.
Nuclear Triad: India maintains a mature triad—land-based missiles, aircraft, and nuclear submarines (SSBNs).

Strategic Shift: Indications of a move toward mating warheads with launchers during peacetime, a departure from India’s traditional de-alerted posture.

Question:

Q.1 As per SIPRI 2025, India’s nuclear warhead count in 2025 is:
a) 172
b) 180
c) 165
d) 190

Answer: b) India’s warhead count increased from 172 in 2024 to 180 in 2025, surpassing Pakistan, which is estimated to have 170.
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