- India successfully tested its first hydrogen-powered train coach—Driving Power Car—at Integral Coach Factory (ICF) Chennai on July 25, 2025. Powered by Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFCs), it emits only water vapor, marking a significant move toward green rail mobility. The ₹2,800 crore Hydrogen for Heritage programme includes a ₹111.83 crore pilot for retrofitting DEMU trains on the Jind–Sonipat route.
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- On July 25, 2025, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman led the 166th Income Tax Day celebrations in New Delhi. She launched the mascot “Madhukar” and highlighted the Income Tax Bill, 2025, shaped by 60,000 man-hours. Officers were urged to clear OGE backlogs and foster trust between citizens and the state.
- India has established the Conference of the Parties–33 (COP-33) Cell under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) to host the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2028. New Delhi is the proposed venue, aligning with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s announcement at COP-28 (Conference of the Parties–28) in Dubai.
- On July 26, 2025, Northern Railway’s Jammu Division installed its first direct unlocking system at Dinanagar railway station, marking a major leap in railway safety and efficiency. The system automates control of signalling and point machinery, reducing human error and ensuring safer train movement.
- On July 24, 2025, France announced it will formally recognize Palestine as a state during the UN General Assembly in September, becoming the first G7 nation to do so. President Emmanuel Macron cited France’s support for a two-state solution and peace in the Middle East amid the ongoing Gaza crisis.
- In 2025, Yantai Penglai International Airport’s Terminal 2 in China was named the World’s Most Beautiful Airport by Prix Versailles. The terminal's maritime-inspired design includes a glass-domed atrium and ship-hull shaped interiors. Its sustainable, 167,000 sqm layout reflects the heritage of the Maritime Silk Road.
- On July 24, 2025, fintech startup Xflow received RBI’s in-principle approval to operate as a Payment Aggregator for Cross-Border (PA-CB) transactions. It supports both export and import flows, enhancing global money movement. Xflow introduced FX AI Analyst, India's first AI-based USD/INR trend tracker.
- On July 25, 2025, Russia launched 20 satellites from Vostochny Cosmodrome, using a Soyuz-2.1b rocket. Included was Iran’s Nahid-2 telecommunications satellite, built by the Iranian Space Agency. Russia’s main payloads—Ionosfera-M No.3 & No.4—will study Earth’s ionosphere and ozone layer.
- On July 27, 2025, Shubman Gill scored his fourth century as India’s debut Test captain during the final match against England at Old Trafford. He became the first-ever debut captain to score four centuries in a single Test series.
- On July 25, 2025, Indian squash prodigy Anahat Singh won a bronze medal at the World Junior Squash Championships held in New Cairo, Egypt. The event was the Women’s Singles (Under-19) category, part of the prestigious World Junior Squash Championships 2025. Her title: Bronze Medalist, marking India’s first individual medal in 15 years at this global squash event.
- On July 28, 2025, Divya Deshmukh won the FIDE Women’s Chess World Cup in Batumi, Georgia, becoming the first Indian to do so. She beat Koneru Humpy in the rapid tiebreaks and earned the Grandmaster title at age 19. With ₹43.5 lakh in winnings, she also qualified for the 2026 FIDE Candidates Tournament.
- On July 27, 2025, Oscar Piastri triumphed at the Belgian Grand Prix held at Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium, in a rain-hit Formula 1 showdown. Driving for McLaren, he skillfully overtook teammate Lando Norris to claim his sixth win of the season. The result widened his championship lead by 16 points.
- On July 27, 2025, England Women’s Football Team won the UEFA Women’s Euro 2025 title at St. Jakob-Park, Basel, Switzerland, defeating Spain in a dramatic final. After a 1–1 draw in extra time, England triumphed 3–1 in the penalty shootout, with Chloe Kelly scoring the decisive spot-kick.
- On July 25, 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a ₹2,000 crore contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) in New Delhi to procure Air Defence Fire Control Radars (ADFCRs) for the Indian Army. These radars, with 70% indigenous content, can detect fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and enemy drones.
- Drone Prahaar 2025 Held on July 25 near the Myanmar border (Rayang, Arunachal Pradesh), this single-day drill by the Indian Army’s Spear Corps showcased advanced drone warfare for surveillance and precision strikes. Led by Lt. Gen. Abhijeet S Pendharkar, it focused on real-time targeting.
- On July 25–26, 2025, the 8th National Security Strategies Conference (NSSC) was held in New Delhi, chaired by Union Home Minister Amit Shah and organised by the Intelligence Bureau (IB) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The theme focused on strengthening internal security through real-time data sharing, use of national databases like NATGRID, NIDAAN, and CBI fugitive tracker, and promoting Suraksha, Sajagta, Samanvay.
- The SHAPE 2025 Conference was held on July 26–27 at Army Hospital Research & Referral (AHRR), New Delhi, chaired by Surg Vice Admiral Arti Sarin and AIIMS Director Dr. Srinivas. It was organised by the Department of Hospital Administration (AHRR), focusing on eco-friendly and disaster-resilient hospital planning. The theme was Sustainable Hospital Architecture, Planning, Infrastructure and Equipment, aligned with Viksit Bharat@2047.
- The International Day of Women and Girls of African Descent was first observed on July 25, 2025, after adoption by the UNGA in August 2024. It celebrates their leadership, resilience, and contributions while combating systemic inequalities like racism and sexism. The theme is “Rising Together: Women and Girls of African Descent Leading with Strength.”
- International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystems 2025 was observed on July 26, marking the 10th annual celebration since its inception by UNESCO in 2015. The theme for 2025 was “Protecting Wetlands for Our Future”, emphasizing mangroves as nature-based solutions for climate resilience and biodiversity conservation.
- On July 24, 2025, the Government of India (GoI) appointed Anuradha Thakur, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs, as a Director on the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). She replaces Ajay Seth, who retired on June 30, 2025.
- On July 23, 2025, Utpal Kumar Singh was appointed CEO of Sansad TV, in addition to his role as Lok Sabha Secretary-General. He’s a 1986-batch retired IAS officer known for leading the Kedarnath redevelopment project. He replaces Rajit Punhani and brings experience from the PMO and Agriculture Ministry.
- On July 26, 2025, Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami released a book titled “Sustainable Wellness of Students: A Collective Responsibility in Higher Education” at the CM’s residence auditorium in Dehradun. The book was jointly edited by Lata Pandey and Dr. Ramanand, and focuses on student mental health, life challenges, and institutional responsibility.
- On July 26, 2025, renowned satirist and mathematician Tom Lehrer passed away at 97 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Famous for witty songs like “The Elements” and “Poisoning Pigeons in the Park,” he shaped musical satire in the 1950s and ’60s.
Questions:
Q.1 Which country became the first G7 nation to announce recognition of Palestine as a state in 2025?a) France
b) Canada
c) Germany
d) Italy
Answer: a) France announced it would formally recognize Palestine at the UN General Assembly in September 2025.
Q.2 Who was appointed as a Director on the Central Board of RBI in July 2025?
a) Rajiv Kumar
b) Anuradha Thakur
c) T. V. Somanathan
d) Ajay Seth
Answer: b) On July 24, 2025, the Government of India (GoI) appointed Anuradha Thakur, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs, as a Director on the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
