- On 24 Sept 2025, protests in Leh, Ladakh demanding statehood and Sixth Schedule inclusion turned violent, leaving 4 dead and 80+ injured. The agitation, led by the Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA), is backed by activist Sonam Wangchuk, who ended a 35‑day hunger strike. Protesters seek statehood, Sixth Schedule safeguards, a separate PSC, and more parliamentary representation.
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- On 24 Sept 2025, four professors of Nagaland University were featured in the World’s Top 2% Scientists List, prepared by Stanford University & Elsevier. The honourees are Prof. Ambrish Singh (Chemistry), Prof. Joginder Singh (Botany), Prof. Prabhakar Sharma (Agricultural Engineering), and Prof. Pranav Kumar Prabhakar (Biotechnology). Among them, Prof. Singh and Prof. Prabhakar were also recognised in the Career‑Long Top 2% category.
- On 25 Sept 2025, PM Narendra Modi launched and inaugurated projects worth over ₹1.22 lakh crore in Banswara, Rajasthan. Key works included the ₹42,000 crore Mahi Banswara Atomic Power Project, green energy projects of ₹19,210 crore, and power transmission projects of ₹13,180 crore. He also unveiled water projects worth ₹20,830 crore and drinking water supply under AMRUT 2.0.
- On 24 Sept 2025, India and Australia signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) for organic products at Vanijya Bhavan, New Delhi. The pact was signed between APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, India) and DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia).
- On 17 Sept 2025, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) in Riyadh, pledging that an attack on one would be treated as an attack on both. The pact, signed by PM Shehbaz Sharif and Crown Prince MBS, comes amid Middle East turmoil after Israel’s strike on Doha and recent Indo‑Pak tensions.
- On 24 Sept 2025, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurated the Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT) in New Delhi. The Principal Bench will serve as the National Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling from April 2026, with 31 state benches across 45 locations. Taxpayers can file appeals and attend hearings virtually.
- On 23 Sept 2025, NIPL (NPCI International Payments Limited) and QNB (Qatar National Bank) launched UPI (Unified Payments Interface) services in Qatar, starting with Qatar Duty Free at Hamad International Airport. Powered by NETSTARS, the service allows Indian travellers to pay via UPI apps at QNB‑acquired merchants.
- On 24 Sept 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) signed a renewed Statement of Commitment (SoC) to the Foreign Exchange (FX) Global Code, a set of global principles for good practice in the wholesale FX market. The Code, developed in 2017 and updated in 2021 & 2024, is maintained by the Global Foreign Exchange Committee (GFXC).
- On 25 Sept 2025, the Indian Air Force (IAF) and IIT Ropar, Punjab signed an MoU at Chandigarh for indigenous technology development. The aim is to support weapon system sustenance and accelerate Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence. The pact focuses on research, feasibility studies, and technology demonstrators.
- On 24 Sept 2025, the Ministry of Labour & Employment signed an MoU with Zepto to enhance youth employment via the National Career Service (NCS) portal in New Delhi. Under the pact, Zepto will post 10,000 jobs targeting youth, women, and first‑time job seekers. The partnership also links gig workers with e‑Shram registration, social security, and upskilling.
- On 23 Sept 2025, ISRO and Schneider Electric SE extended their partnership at SDSC‑SHAR, Sriharikota. The aim is to enhance automation, monitoring, and energy management in space missions. The collaboration has supported Chandrayaan‑3 and GSLV‑F16/NISAR, and will aid Gaganyaan.
- On 25 Sept 2025, the MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation) released the Children in India 2025 Report at the 29th CoCSSO (Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations), Chandigarh. The report showed IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) declined to 25, U5MR (Under‑Five Mortality Rate) to 29, and the birth rate to 18.4 per 1,000. School dropout rates fell sharply, child marriage reduced to 23.3%, and adoptions rose to 4,515 in 2024‑25.
- On 20 Sept 2025, Jérôme Boateng, Bayern Munich legend and 2014 FIFA World Cup winner, announced his retirement at 37. He played for Hertha, Hamburg, Man City, Bayern, Lyon, Salernitana, and LASK, earning 76 caps for Germany. With Bayern, he won 2 Champions League titles, 9 Bundesliga crowns, and 5 German Cups.
- On 25 Sept 2025, Ravichandran Ashwin became the first Indian male cricketer to join the Big Bash League, signing with Sydney Thunder for BBL|15. He retired from international cricket (2024) and the IPL (2025), enabling him to play overseas.
- On 25 Sept 2025, FIFA unveiled the 2026 World Cup mascots – Clutch the Bald Eagle (USA), Maple the Moose (Canada), and Zayu the Jaguar (Mexico). They symbolise courage, creativity, and cultural pride, representing their host nations. Clutch is a midfielder, Maple a goalkeeper, and Zayu a forward.
- On 26 Sept 2025, Sergio Busquets, legendary Barcelona & Spain midfielder, announced his retirement after a 20‑year career. He played 722 games for Barcelona, winning 32 trophies, including 3 Champions Leagues and 9 La Liga titles.
- On 24 Sept 2025, India recorded its first-ever international futsal victory, defeating Mongolia 3–0 in the AFC Futsal Asian Cup 2026 Qualifiers at Ardiya, Kuwait. Seaon D’Souza scored a brace and Anmol Adhikari added the third, giving India its first clean sheet in futsal history.
- On 24 Sept 2025, DRDO and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) successfully test‑fired the Agni‑Prime (Agni‑P) missile from a Rail‑Based Mobile Launcher (RBML) at Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. The 2,000 km‑range, two‑stage, canisterised ballistic missile was launched under full operational conditions. This was India’s first‑ever rail‑based missile launch, offering cross‑country mobility, rapid reaction, and reduced visibility.
- 25 September is observed as Antyodaya Diwas to mark the birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968). He was a co‑founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh and propounded Integral Humanism. His vision of Antyodaya emphasised upliftment of the “last person” in society.
- World Contraception Day is observed every year on 26 September since 2007, led by global family‑planning organisations. The 2025 theme is “A Choice for All – Agency, Intention, Access”, highlighting informed reproductive health decisions. It raises awareness on contraceptive methods, preventing unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal deaths.
- On 18 Sept 2025, Sudhanshu Vats (MD, Pidilite Industries) was appointed President of ASCI (Advertising Standards Council of India) at its 39th AGM. S. Subramanyeswar (MullenLowe Global) became Vice Chair, and Paritosh Joshi was named Honorary Treasurer.
- On 25 Sept 2025, the Govt. of India appointed Dr. Kanad Das, a renowned mycologist, as the 13th Director of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), making him the first mushroom scientist to lead the institute. Dr. Das has discovered 165 new mushroom species and 2 new genera, authored 8 books, and published 170+ papers.
- On 24 Sept 2025, the ACC (Appointments Committee of the Cabinet) extended the tenure of General Anil Chauhan as CDS (Chief of Defence Staff) and Secretary, DMA (Department of Military Affairs) till 30 May 2026. Appointed CDS in Sept 2022, he is the second CDS after Gen Bipin Rawat.
- On 23 Sept 2025, India’s DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation) received the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Council President Certificate at the 42nd ICAO Assembly in Montréal. The award, presented by ICAO Council President Salvatore Sciacchitano to DGCA chief Faiz Ahmed Kidwai, recognised India’s progress in aviation safety oversight.
Questions:
Q.1 India recorded its first-ever international futsal victory against which team?a) Japan
b) Mongolia
c) Thailand
d) South Korea
Answer: b) India recorded its first-ever international futsal victory, defeating Mongolia 3–0 in the AFC Futsal Asian Cup 2026 Qualifiers at Ardiya, Kuwait.
Q.2 Who was appointed as the 13th Director of the Botanical Survey of India in September 2025?
a) Dr. Ramesh Verma
b) Dr. Anil Kumar
c) Professor Ambrish Singh
d) Dr. Kanad Das
Answer: d) Dr. Das, a mycologist, is the first mushroom scientist to head the Botanical Survey of India, having discovered 165 new mushroom species and 2 new genera.
