- On 23 October 2025, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launched three training modules on Chemical Emergency Management at Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi. The modules were developed by the National Centre for Disease Control. The initiative aims to strengthen national preparedness, improve coordination, and safeguard public health.
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- On 21 October 2025, India and the UK launched the Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme. It was developed by India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) with the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (LIMS). The programme supports young Indian physicists and mathematicians to pursue collaborative research in the UK.
- Tuvalu officially joined the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as its 90th State Member. The announcement was made on 14 October 2025 in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Its Ministry of Environment will act as the liaison with the IUCN Secretariat. This step strengthens Tuvalu’s global role in climate diplomacy and biodiversity conservation.
- On 24 October 2025, the Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) signed an MoU with the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT‑H) at the IITH campus. The aim is to collaborate on Sixth Generation (6G), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Non‑Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) research. It focuses on joint studies, India‑specific standards, and contributions to the International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU‑T).
- On 22 October 2025, Olympic gold medalist Abhinav Bindra was named a torchbearer for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics Torch Relay. The Games will be held in Italy from 6–22 February 2026. Bindra, India’s first individual Olympic gold winner, earlier carried the flame at Paris 2024.
- On 23 October 2025, Rohit Sharma overtook Sourav Ganguly to become India’s 3rd-highest ODI run-scorer. He reached 11,249 ODI runs, surpassing Ganguly’s 11,221 runs. The milestone came during the 2nd ODI vs Australia at Adelaide Oval. Now, only Sachin Tendulkar and Virat Kohli stand ahead of him in India’s ODI run charts.
- The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, approved projects worth about ₹79,000 crore on 23 October 2025. The proposals cover the Army, Navy, and Air Force, focusing on advanced indigenous systems. Key approvals include the Nag Missile System Mk-II, Landing Platform Docks, and electronic warfare systems.
- The Indian Army signed a ₹2,700 crore deal on 22 October 2025 to procure 4.25 lakh indigenous CQB carbines. The contract was awarded to Bharat Forge (2.5 lakh units) and Adani PLR Systems (1.75 lakh units). These 5.56×45 mm NATO-standard carbines will replace outdated weapons for close combat.
- United Nations Day 2025 was observed on 24 October 2025, marking the 80th anniversary of the UN Charter coming into force in 1945. It was organised by the United Nations (UN) with the theme “Education Shapes the Future.” The day highlighted the UN’s mission of peace, human rights, and sustainable development, with a special focus on education.
- World Development Information Day 2025 is observed on 24 October 2025, with the aim of raising awareness about global development challenges and highlighting the role of information and communication in achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- International Snow Leopard Day 2025 was observed on 23 October 2025 with the theme “Protecting the Mountain Guardian.” It was first established in 2013 at the Bishkek Forum and officially recognized by the UN in 2024. The day raises awareness about conserving the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and its fragile mountain ecosystems. India, home to about 500 snow leopards, is among the 12 range countries working for their protection.
- National Cybersecurity Awareness Month 2025 was observed in October 2025 with the theme “Secure Our World.” It was led in India by CERT-In under MeitY, alongside global campaigns by CISA and the National Cybersecurity Alliance. The initiative focused on cyber hygiene, scam prevention, and resilience against threats like phishing, ransomware, and deepfakes.
- Paul Kapur was sworn in on 22 October 2025 as the US Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia, succeeding Donald Lu. Born in New Delhi to an Indian father and American mother, he is a noted scholar on South Asian security. He has taught at Stanford University and the US Naval War College, specializing in nuclear strategy and geopolitics.
- On 3 October 2025, Dame Sarah Mullally was appointed the first woman Archbishop of Canterbury, breaking a 1,400‑year tradition. She previously served as Chief Nursing Officer for England and later became the Bishop of London in 2018. As Archbishop, she will also lead the 85‑million strong Anglican Communion worldwide.
- On 22 October 2025, Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith won the British Academy Book Prize 2025 in London. He was awarded for his book The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years. The prize, worth £25,000, honours outstanding non-fiction that deepens global understanding. His work explores 500 years of environmental change and human impact on the planet.
- On 22 October 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh released Lt Gen (Retd) Raj Shukla’s book “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security” in New Delhi. The book highlights the need for integration of civil institutions with military capabilities to strengthen national security.
- Former Union Minister and senior Congress leader Yogendra Makwana passed away on 21 October 2025 in Ahmedabad at the age of 92. He served as a Rajya Sabha MP (1973–1989) and held portfolios like Home, Planning, Communications, Steel & Mines, Health, and Agriculture under Indira and Rajiv Gandhi.
- Padma Bhushan awardee and veteran space scientist Dr. Eknath Vasanth Chitnis passed away on 22 October 2025 in Pune at the age of 100. He was a pioneer of India’s space programme and a close associate of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. Chitnis played a key role in selecting Thumba and Sriharikota as India’s rocket launch sites.
- Thailand’s Queen Mother Sirikit passed away on 24 October 2025 at the age of 93 in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok. She was the widow of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and the mother of King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).
Questions:
Q.1 Who became the first woman Archbishop of Canterbury on 3 October 2025?a) Dame Sarah Mullally
b) Justin Welby
c) Rowan Williams
d) Libby Lane
Answer: a) Dame Sarah Mullally was appointed the first woman Archbishop of Canterbury, breaking a 1,400‑year tradition
Q.2 Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith won the British Academy Book Prize 2025 for which book?
a) India’s Environmental Future
b) The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years
c) Modern South Asia
d) Climate and Civilization
Answer: b) He was awarded for his book The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years.
