- On October 27, 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW) approved procurement of pulses and oilseeds worth ₹15,095.83 crore for the Kharif 2025–26 season. The move covers farmers in Telangana, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
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- On October 25, 2025, the Department of Legal Affairs (DLA) integrated the Legal Information Management and Briefing System (LIMBS) with the Public Financial Management System (PFMS) to enable paperless advocate fee disbursal. The reform creates an end-to-end e-Bill system, ensuring faster, transparent, and accountable payments.
- On October 27, 2025, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) adopted the first-ever Global Soil Security Law Framework (Motion 007) at its World Conservation Congress. The framework, co-sponsored by Save Soil (Isha Outreach), Pace University (USA), and Aurora (Australia), provides a model law for 90+ nations to draft soil protection legislation. Its aim is to strengthen accountability, promote regenerative farming, and prevent soil degradation.
- On October 27, 2025, Tokyo‑based JPYC Inc. launched the world’s first yen‑pegged stablecoin ‘JPYC’. It is backed 1:1 by Japanese yen held in bank deposits and government bonds. The coin is issued under Japan’s Payment Services Act, ensuring full regulatory compliance. Its aim is to enable faster, low‑cost digital settlements and boost Japan’s role in global stablecoins.
- On October 28, 2025, the RBI approved the creation of the Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC). It will be established as a Section 8 non-profit company by SBI and Bank of Baroda with support from other PSBs. The entity will use AI for real-time fraud detection in digital payments, strengthening cybersecurity.
- The MoU between Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) for the production of the SJ‑100 civilian aircraft was signed on October 27, 2025, in Moscow, Russia. Its aim is to jointly manufacture the SJ‑100 regional passenger jet in India, boosting civil aviation manufacturing, regional connectivity, and technology transfer.
- On October 29, 2025, the National Communications Academy (NCA), DoT, and IIM Calcutta signed an MoU at Sanchar Bhawan, New Delhi, to strengthen cooperation in telecom policy, research, and capacity building. The pact focuses on 5G, AI, cybersecurity, spectrum efficiency, and executive training, creating a policy advisory platform to support Digital India and telecom reforms.
- On October 25, 2025, the Ministry of Culture signed MoUs with 17 institutions at the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, to expand work under the Gyan Bharatam Mission. The mission, restructured from the National Mission for Manuscripts (2003), aims to digitise, conserve, and disseminate India’s manuscript heritage. Of the 17 institutions, 12 joined as cluster centres and 5 as independent centres.
- Japan successfully launched the HTV‑X1 cargo spacecraft to the ISS on October 26, 2025, aboard an H3 rocket from Tanegashima Space Center. This marks the first mission of the HTV‑X series, the successor to the Kounotori (HTV) cargo craft. The spacecraft will deliver supplies, experiments, and equipment, with docking scheduled for October 29, 2025.
- The 19th Mid-Term Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held on October 15–16, 2025, in Kampala, Uganda. It was constituted by 121 member states of NAM, along with observer countries and organizations. The meeting was chaired by Uganda, which holds the NAM chairmanship for 2024–26. Its aim was to deepen cooperation among developing nations, strengthen multilateralism, and address global challenges.
- The World Sight Day 2025 was observed on October 9 with the theme “Love Your Eyes – Every Story Counts”. Organized by the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB), it aimed to raise awareness about avoidable blindness and vision impairment. The day emphasized accessible and affordable eye care.
- The International Day of Care and Support 2025 was observed on October 29 with the theme “Care and Support for All: Realizing Human Rights of All Those Providing and Requiring Care and Support.” Established by the UN in 2023, it recognizes the role of paid and unpaid care workers in sustaining societies.
- On October 26, 2025, Argentine President Javier Milei’s party La Libertad Avanza won a landslide victory in midterm elections. It secured over 40% of the national vote, defeating the long-dominant Peronist coalition. The party gained 64 seats in the House of Deputies and 13 Senate seats, even winning Buenos Aires province.
- Citigroup CEO Jane Fraser was elected as the new Chair of the Board on October 22, 2025, marking a major leadership consolidation at the bank. She succeeds John Dugan, who will now serve as Lead Independent Director. With this move, Fraser becomes both CEO and Chair, aligning Citi’s governance structure with other U.S. megabanks.
- James Anderson was awarded the title of Knight Bachelor by Princess Anne at Windsor Castle on October 28, 2025. Anderson, who retired from Tests in 2024, is the most successful fast bowler in Test history with 704 wickets. He was the only sportsperson in Rishi Sunak’s resignation honours list.
- British actress Prunella Scales (CBE), famed for her role as Sybil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, passed away on 27 October 2025 at the age of 93 in London. She had been battling Alzheimer’s disease since 2013. With a career spanning stage, film, and television, she was honored with a CBE in 1992.
Questions:
Q.1 The HTV-X1 cargo spacecraft was launched by which country?a) India
b) Japan
c) USA
d) Russia
Answer: b) Japan launched HTV-X1 aboard an H3 rocket from Tanegashima, marking the first mission of its new cargo series to ISS.
Q.2 Which global banking leader became both CEO and Chair of Citigroup in October 2025?
a) Brian Moynihan
b) Jane Fraser
c) Jamie Dimon
d) Ana Botin
Answer:b) Jane Fraser took over as Chair, replacing John Dugan, consolidating leadership at Citi.
