India–Japan Sign MoC on Joint Crediting Mechanism under Paris Agreement

Current Context: On August 29, 2025, India and Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) to implement the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement.

• The agreement was announced by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) during PM Modi’s visit to Japan, themed “Green Energy Focus for a Better Future”.
• JCM facilitates bilateral carbon credit trading, encourages low-carbon technology adoption, and supports India’s Net Zero by 2070 target.
• Projects approved by India’s National Designated Agency for Implementation of Article 6 (NDAIAPA) will generate Emission Reduction Units (ERUs).
• These ERUs will not affect India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), ensuring compliance with climate goals.
• The MoC promotes investment, technology transfer, and capacity building in clean energy sectors.

Question:

Q.1 On August 29, 2025, India signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) with which country to implement the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) under Article 6.2 of the Paris Agreement?
a) Germany
b) Japan
c) United States
d) France

Answer: b) The MoC was signed between India and Japan during PM Modi’s visit to Japan. The JCM is a bilateral mechanism that facilitates carbon credit trading and low-carbon technology transfer.